Cell and Molecular biotechnology is that the use of laboratory techniques to check and modify nucleic acids and proteins for applications in areas like human and animal health, agriculture, and therefore the atmosphere. Molecular biotechnology results from the convergence of the many areas of analysis, like biology, biology, organic chemistry, immunology, genetics, and cell biology. The tools of molecular biotechnology are often applied to develop and improve medication, vaccines, therapies, and diagnostic tests that may improve human and animal health. Molecular biotechnology has applications in plant and animal agriculture, cultivation, chemical and textile producing, forestry, and food process. The global digital molecular biotechnology market totaled $425.0 million in 2017 and is estimated to reach $746.0 million by 2022, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9% for the period of 2017-2022.

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA is obtained by either  isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA. A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism. The global market for genetic modification therapies should grow from $2.3 billion in 2018 to reach $17.4 billion by 2023, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 49.9% during the forecast period of 2018-2023.

Marine biotechnology, typically stated as “blue biotechnology”, exploits the variety found in marine environments in terms of the shape, structure, physiology and chemistry of marine organisms, several of that haven't any equivalent toward land, in which change new materials to be realized. Marine biotechnology could be an information generation and conversion process: it unlocks access to biological compounds and provides novel uses for them.  By exploring and harnessing marine materials, entirely new uses in square measures aloof from the marine are doubtless to be found. Marine biotechnology is a chance recognized by policy manufacturers and therefore the enterprise sector as giving vital potential to fill market gaps for brand new product. The global market for flexible-foam reached $29.1 billion in 2017. The market should reach $36.9 billion by 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% for the period of 2017-2022.

Biotechnology plays an important role in improving company standards, services, and developing new products. Biotechnology involves the spectrum of life science-based research companies working on transformative technologies for a wide range of industries.

While agriculture, material science and environmental science are major areas of research, the largest impact is made in the field medicine. As a large player in the research and development of pharmaceuticals, the role of biotechnology in the healthcare field is undeniable. From genetic analysis and manipulation to the formation of new drugs, many biotech firms are transforming into pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical leaders.

This research category includes various comprehensive reports on research methods, biotech companies, tools, technologies, and equipment commonly used in the biotech industry. You will also find business reports covering funding, product pipelines, mergers and acquisitions, and strategies for development. The “green” and “white” biotech sectors are also covered in the reports herein.

Biotechnology refers to the manipulation of organisms, living system or parts of the living organisms to make products, environment or system for the benefit of human beings. The product that may be made by biotechnology process may include; pharmaceuticals, foods and water purification. However, it has various definitions since it involves mixture of disciplines, such as physiology, genetics, medicine and bioprocess engineering, thus, simple definition of biotechnology is manipulation of organism scientifically at a molecular level in order to come up with productive products for human use.

A successful biotechnology enterprise depends on trained professionals who understand science and who are also skilled in the complexities of biotechnology commercialization. This exciting new program brings together a strong science foundation with biotechnology enterprise and entrepreneurship, providing a unique educational venue for scientists to better understand the entire biotechnology enterprise and issues unique to the industry.

The bioeconomy refers to the sustainable production and conversion of biomass for a range of food, health, fibre, and other industrial products as well as energy. The bioeconomy encompasses all industries and sectors producing, managing or otherwise making use of biological resources (including  organic waste), such as agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. The modern bioeconomy is based on knowledge and innovation in biosciences, together with other technologies such as engineering, chemistry, computer science and nanotechnologies.

The bioeconomy as an important component of the Strategy’s three main priorities of:

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  Smart growth: developing a knowledge and innovation based economy,


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  Sustainable growth : promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more competitive economy; and


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  Inclusive growth: fostering a high employment economy delivering social and territorial cohesion.

Animal biotechnology is a huge field of study and includes the following topics: use of animals in research clones transgenic animals and gene pharming animal health Along with the scientific study, researchers must also deal with many tough scientific and ethical challenges. Animals play a vital role in primary research. The use of animal models permits more rapid assessment of the effects of new medical treatments and other products. Computer models and in vitro studies of cell cultures are often used as supplements to animal research, but they can't entirely duplicate the results in living organisms. Trials are required on cell cultures, in live animals, and on human subjects. Testing on live animal models requires that two or more species be used because different effects are observed in different animals. If problems are detected in the animal tests, human subjects are never recruited for trials. The animals used most often are pure-bred mice and rats, but other species are also used. Another extremely valuable research animal is the zebrafish, a hardy aquarium fish. Dogs are used for the study of cancer, heart disease and lung disorders. HIV and AIDS research is conducted on monkeys and chimpanzees. Animal research is very heavily regulated. The Animal Welfare Act sets standards concerning the housing, feeding, cleanliness and medical care of research animals.

 

Approximately 120 companies have been identified to be involved in animal biotechnology and are profiled in the report. These are a mix of animal healthcare companies and biotechnology companies. Top companies in this area are identified and ranked. Information is given about the research activities of 11 veterinary and livestock research institutes. Important 108 collaborations in this area are shown.

Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology is a relatively new field in biomedical research. It focuses on engineering new or modified signaling proteins to create desired signaling pathways in the cell. Every living cell is an extremely complex machine expressing thousands of different proteins. Due to superb regulation, many cells, such as photoreceptors and other neurons in vertebrates, can live for decades. Cells can also self-reproduce by division, where both daughter cells are perfectly viable. Natural selection (the “blind watchmaker”, to use Dawkins’ expression) spent hundreds of millions of year to achieve this perfection. Due to elucidation of the intricacies of cellular regulatory mechanisms we can now play evolution on our time scale: re-design proteins and signaling pathways to achieve our ends.Systems and Synthetic Biology is a novel field that finds its origin at the intersection of biology and engineering. It involves designing and construction of biological systems or devices that can be applied in varied domains to get specified results. It’s a multidisciplinary effort made by scientists to understand the functioning of biological organisms, cells & genes and implementation of artificial genetic processes to give specific characteristics to an organism. It can even be used to develop a completely new biological system.

Bioprocess Engineering combines biotechnology and engineering for the manufacturing of materials from renewable feedstocks.  This field includes fundamental biomolecular research on proteins, enzymes and microbes, as well as work on biosensors, bioseparations and bioreactors.  Applications include food processing and preservation; pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and sweetener production; air and wastewater treatment; bio-based structural motifs for supramolecular architectures; microfluidics for bioreactors and DNA chips; bioenergy; and applications in the pulp and paper industry.  There are natural links to biomedical applications, such as drug metabolism, tissue engineering and bio-based therapeutic treatments.

Nano biotechnology refers to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, Bio nanotechnology and Nano biotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies. The most important objectives that are frequently found in Nano biology involve applying Nano tools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing new tools, such as peptoid Nano-sheets, for medical and biological purposes is another primary objective in nanotechnology. New Nano-tools are often made by refining the applications of the Nano-tools that are already being used. The imaging of native biomolecules, biological membranes, and tissues is also a major topic for the Nano-biology researchers. Other topics concerning Nano biology include the use of cantilever array sensors and the application of Nano-photonics for manipulating molecular processes in living cells.

Biotechnology is applied and used to study the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. Environmental biotechnology as "the development, use and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments  and for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development). Environmental biotechnology can simply be described as "the optimal use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce renewable energy, food and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process".

U.S. sales of environmental biotechnology products was valued at $241.2 million in 2012. This is expected to increase at a total compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%, with 2013 sales of $261.9 million, rising to $382.3 million in 2018.

Algal biotechnology is a technology developed using algae. The objective of the Micro algal Biotechnology Group is to further the understanding of the ecology of microalgae. This will assist with the development of commercial-scale micro algal culturing techniques for the production of bioactive compounds, aquaculture feed, fine chemicals, and renewable fuels. Additionally, environmental applications such as CO2 bioremediation, control of excessive algal growth and development of management strategies for water supply managers are investigated. Transgenesis in algae is a complex and fast-growing technology. Selectable marker genes, promoters, reporter genes, transformation techniques, and other genetic tools and methods are already available for various species and currently ~25 species are accessible to genetic transformation. Fortunately, large-scale sequencing projects are also planned, in progress, or completed for several of these species.

White or industrial biotechnology uses enzymes and micro-organisms to make bio based products in sectors such as chemicals, food and feed, detergents, paper and pulp, textiles and bioenergy. The application of industrial biotechnology has been proven to make significant contributions towards mitigating the impacts of climate change in these and other sectors. In addition to environmental benefits, biotechnology can improve industry’s performance and product value and, as the technology develops and matures, white biotechnology will yield more and more viable solutions for our environment. These innovative solutions bring added benefits for both our climate and our economy.

Stem cell biotechnology is a revolutionary sub field of biotechnology to develop and improve tools and generate more on through modify and regenerative medicine stem cell technology is important role in tissue regeneration medicine The basis for vegetative cell transplantation is that blood cells (red cells, white cells and platelets) and immune cells (lymphocytes) arise from the stem cells, that are gift in marrow, peripheral blood and twine blood. Intense therapy or therapy kills the patient's stem cells. This stops the stem cells from creating enough blood and immune cells.

Industrial biotechnology is that the application of biotechnology for industrial functions, together with industrial fermentation. The exploitation of cells like micro-organisms, or elements of cells like enzymes, to get industrially helpful product in sectors like chemicals, food and feed, detergents, paper and pulp, textiles and biofuels. Industrial Biotechnology offers a premier forum bridging basic analysis and R&D with later-stage development for property bio based mostly industrial and environmental applications.

An increasing range of chemicals and materials, like base chemicals, polymers, industrial catalysts, enzymes and detergents square measure made exploitation biotechnology. In 2010, the sales of business chemicals created victimization biotechnology in a minimum of one step of the production method equalled €92bn globally, and this can be expected to extend to €228bn by 2015.

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology is the science that covers all technologies required for producing, manufacturing and registration of biological drugs. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology is an increasingly important area of science and technology. It contributes in design and delivery of new therapeutic drugs, diagnostic agents for medical tests, and in gene therapy for correcting the medical symptoms of hereditary diseases. The Pharmaceutical Biotechnology is widely spread, ranging from many ethical issues to changes in healthcare practices and a significant contribution to the development of national economy. Biopharmaceuticals consists of large biological molecules which are proteins. They target the underlying mechanisms and pathways of a disease or ailment; it is a relatively young industry. They can deal with targets in humans that are not accessible with traditional medicines. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture and market drugs, livestock feed supplements, vitamins, and a host of other products.

Biotechnology has been practiced for a long time, as people have sought to improve agriculturally important organisms by selection and breeding. An example of traditional agricultural biotechnology is the development of disease-resistant wheat varieties by cross-breeding different wheat types until the desired disease resistance was present in a resulting new variety. Genetic engineering technologies can help to improve health conditions in less developed countries. Genetic engineering can result in improved keeping properties to make transport of fresh produce easier, giving consumers access to nutritionally valuable whole foods and preventing decay, damage, and loss of nutrients. Benefits of Agriculture Biotechnology include Increased crop productivity, Enhanced crop protection, Improvements in food processing, Improved nutritional value, Environmental benefits, Better flavor, Fresher produce.  Biotechnology is defined as a set of tools that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify a product, improve plants, trees or animals, or develop microorganisms for specific uses. Agricultural biotechnology is the term used in crop and livestock improvement through biotechnology tools. This monograph will focus only on agricultural crop biotechnology. Biotechnology encompasses a number of tools and elements of conventional breeding techniques, plant physiology etc.,.